Feeling sick? 当你感染病毒时，该做和不该做的事情可以帮助你恢复健康并保护他人

冬天的到来和随之而来的气温下降意味着，当你感到不舒服的时候，是时候考虑一下该做什么和不该做什么了.

Colds, 流感和其他呼吸道疾病往往在寒冷的月份更常见, 当病毒更容易传播时，因为人们在室内的线上电子游戏飞禽走兽更长，与他人的距离更近. So far, doctor's offices and hospitals across the U.S. have been busy, said Dr. 德克萨斯大学西南医学中心的内科教授Trish Perl说. Physicians at the Dallas hospital have been "quite active," she said, and not just with cases of respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV.

她说:“越来越多的人感染了流感. "Even in the past week we have seen the numbers increase, although it is unclear the trajectory, and it's notoriously unpredictable when it emerges."

导致COVID-19的冠状病毒也往往在寒冷的月份传播得更多.

Emergency room visits and hospitalizations for the flu, RSV and COVID-19 have been elevated or increasing in recent weeks, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

If you come down with a respiratory virus, 这里有一些医学专家的建议，可以帮助你感觉更好，保护他人.

DO: Stay hydrated.

Blood is comprised of 55% plasma and 45% cells. Blood plasma is made up of over 90% water, 健康的血压对向全身输送氧气和营养物质很重要.

喝水可以通过血液循环来帮助你的免疫系统. Pei-Ni Jone, a pediatric cardiologist at the Ann & Robert H. 他也是西北大学范伯格医学院的儿科学教授. Noncaffeinated drinks and hot soup work, too.

保持水分是基于个人需求和不同的条件, but in general, men should consume 13 8-ounce glasses of water per day, nine for women, according to the National Academy of Medicine. 记住，补水也可以来自富含水分的食物，尤其是水果和蔬菜.

DON'T: 吃咸的食物或喝酒或喝含咖啡因的饮料，如咖啡和苏打水. They can lead to dehydration.

约翰说，在对抗病毒的同时保持水分是“至关重要的”，因为液体有助于血液循环, which can "help carry the immune cells throughout the body."

DO: Stay warm. 当你生病的时候，这听起来很合乎逻辑，而且这条建议背后有一个很好的理由.

流感、冠状病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒等病毒会引起发烧，琼斯说. "Fever is a sign that the body is fighting these viruses, and patients will have chills related to the fever. 保持温暖会减少寒冷带来的不适，并有助于血液循环，将免疫细胞运送到目的地."

琼斯说，吃一些退烧药可以让你感觉好些.

DO: Speaking of sleep, it's important to get plenty of rest.

睡眠给你的身体一个愈合的机会，让你的免疫系统工作. Seven to nine hours of sleep a night is ideal for adults. “当你生病时，睡眠实际上是非常重要的，因为你睡得越多, the better you recover," Jone said.

DO: Wash your hands with soap and water and practice good hygiene, especially if you live with family or friends. If you must leave the house while you're sick, also wear a mask.

如果没有肥皂和水，含有至少60%酒精的洗手液也可以.

“手部卫生可以减少传播给其他人，”佩尔说. “不要忘记擦拭柜台和其他病毒可以生存的坚硬表面."

If you have symptoms before heading to your workplace, consider colleagues who might be immunocompromised. Work from home, if possible, Perl said.

DO: See your doctor if symptoms persist or get worse.

至于要等多少天才能去看医生，目前还没有一个好的经验法则，因为每个人的病程可能不同, Perl said. Sometimes, someone might develop a high fever right away, and in those cases, you should generally seek medical care. 大多数病毒感染后的继发感染发生在首次感染后5至10天, she said. The flu can make someone feel sick for up to a week.

在决定何时去看医生时，“你要用你最好的判断”，珀尔说.